# Conditionals, Loops, and Functions

Conditionals allow us to make decisions in code based on conditions.

They take the form of

1, if, else if, and else statements.

For instance;

let num = 10; if (num > 0) { console.log("Number is positive"); } else if (num < 0) { console.log("Number is negative"); } else { console.log("Number is zero"); }

Loops\*\*

Loops are used for repetitive tasks.

There are three main types: for, while, and do...while loops.

For Loop\*\*

for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) { console.log(i); }

While Loop\*\*

let i = 0; while (i < 5) { console.log(i); i++; }

Do...While Loop\*\*

let i = 0; do { console.log(i); i++; } while (i < 5);

FUNCTIONS\*\*

Functions are blocks of reusable code.

They have a declaration, a scope, and various properties like hoisting and nesting.

Function Declaration function greet(name) { return `Hello, ${name}!`; } console.log(greet("Alice"));

Function Scope let globalVar = "I am global";

function scopeExample() { let localVar = "I am local"; console.log(globalVar); console.log(localVar); }

scopeExample(); console.log(globalVar); // console.log(localVar); // This will throw an error as localVar is not accessible outside the function.

Nesting Functions function outerFunction() { function innerFunction() { console.log("Inside inner function"); } innerFunction(); } outerFunction();

Function Hoisting\*\*

hoistedFunction(); // This works due to hoisting

function hoistedFunction() { console.log("This function was hoisted"); }